About > CRSL Framework
Giving leaders a new set of eyes.
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With a scholarly, researched-backed perspective, our Culturally Responsive School Leadership framework helps school districts start and sustain their equity journey.
Culturally Responsive School Leadership (CRSL) should not be thought of as having a singular quantifiable definition, or as a practice that can be difinitively attained. Rather, it should be thought of as a flexible and dynamic process that educators are constantly honing and working toward. CRSL has a set of practices and traits with which educators and researchers are always seeking and improving. Our understanding of CRSL is based on recent research and on a recent literature review by Khalifa, Gooden, and Davis (2016).
Culturally Responsive School Leadership Framework
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Critically Self-Reflects on Leadership Behaviors
- Accepting indigenized, local identities (Khalifa, 2010)
- Displays a critical consciousness on practice in and out of school; displays self-reflection (Gooden & Dantley, 2012; Johnson, 2006)
- Uses school data and indicants to measure CRSL (Skrla, Scheurich, Garcia, & Nolly, 2004)
- Uses parent/community voices to measure cultural responsiveness in schools (Ishimaru, 2013; Smyth, 2006)
- Challenges Whiteness and hegemonic epistemologies in school (Theoharis & Haddix, 2011)
- Using equity audits to measure student inclusiveness, policy, and practice (Skrla et al., 2004)
- Leading with courage (Khalifa, 2011; Nee-Benham, Maenette, & Cooper, 1988)
- Is a transformative leader for social justice and inclusion (Alston, 2005; Gooden, 2005; Gooden & O’Doherty, 2015; Shields, 2010)
Develops Culturally Responsive Teachers
- Developing teacher capacities for cultural responsive pedagogy (Ginsberg & Wlodkowski, 2000; Voltz, Brazil, & Scott, 2003)
- Collaborative walkthroughs (Madhlangobe & Gordon, 2012)
- Creating culturally responsive PD opportunities for teachers (Ginsberg & Wlodkowski, 2000; Voltz et al., 2003)
- Using school data to see cultural gaps in achievement, discipline, enrichment, and remedial services (Skrla et al., 2004)
- Creating a CRSL team that is charged with constantly finding new ways for teachers to be culturally responsive (Gardiner & Enomoto, 2006)
- Engaging/reforming the school curriculum to become more culturally responsive (Sleeter, 2012; Villegas & Lucas, 2002)
- Modeling culturally responsive teaching (Madhlangobe & Gordon, 2012)
- Using culturally responsive assessment tools for students (Hopson, 2001; Kea, Campbell- Whatley, & Bratton, 2003)
Promotes Culturally Responsive/Inclusive School Environments
- Accepting indigenized, local identities (Khalifa, 2010)
- Building relationships; reducing anxiety among students (Madhlangobe & Gordon, 2012)
- Modeling CRSL for staff in building interactions (Khalifa, 2011; Tillman, 2005)
- Promoting a vision for an inclusive instructional and behavioral practices (Gardiner & Enomoto, 2006; Webb- Johnson, 2006; Webb-Johnson & Carter, 2007)
- If need be, challenging exclusionary policies, teachers, and behaviors (Khalifa, 2011; Madhlangobe & Gordon, 2012)
- Acknowledges, values, and uses Indigenous cultural and social capital of students (Khalifa, 2010, 2012)
- Uses student voice (Antrop-González, 2011; Madhlangobe & Gordon, 2012)
- Using school data to discover and track disparities in academic and disciplinary trends (Skiba et al., 2002; Skrla et al., 2004; Theoharis, 2007)
Engages Students, Parents, and Indigenous Contexts
- Developing meaningful, positive relationships with community (Gardiner & Enomoto, 2006; Johnson, 2006; Walker, 2001)
- Is a servant leader, as public intellectual and other roles (Alston, 2005; Gooden, 2005; Johnson, 2006)
- Finding overlapping spaces for school and community (Cooper, 2009; Ishimaru, 2013; Khalifa, 2012)
- Serving as advocate and social activist for community-based causes in both the school and neighborhood community (Capper, Hafner, & Keyes, 2002; Gooden, 2005; Johnson, 2006; Khalifa, 2012)
- Uses the community as an informative space from which to develop positive understandings of students and families (Gardiner & Enomoto, 2006)
- Resists deficit images of students and families (Davis, 2002; Flessa, 2009)
- Nurturing/caring for others; sharing information (Gooden, 2005; Madhlangobe & Gordon, 2012)
- Connecting directly with students (Gooden, 2005; Khalifa, 2012; Lomotey, 1993)
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Where we are
1041 Grand Ave Box #276
St. Paul, MN 55105
612.584.9478
info@crsli.org
St. Paul, MN 55105
612.584.9478
info@crsli.org
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Muhammad Khalifa, PhD
President and CEO
Dr. Muhammad Khalifa is a professor of educational administration and Executive Director for Urban Education Initiatives at the Ohio State University. Before coming to OSU, Dr. Khalifa held the Robert Beck Endowed Professorship in the Department of Organizational Leadership, Policy, and Development at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. Having worked as a public school teacher and administrator in Detroit, Dr. Khalifa's research examines how urban school leaders enact culturally responsive leadership practices. His latest book, Culturally Responsive School Leadership (2018) was published by Harvard Education Press. He has led equity audits in U.S. schools as a way to reduce achievement and discipline gaps, and he is the first to develop and use online Equity Audits for schools. In addition to his urban work in the U.S., Dr. Khalifa has engaged in school leadership reform in African and Asian countries, including a recent U.N. project in East Africa.
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Darlinda Anderson
Senior Vice President
Darlinda Anderson serves as the senior vice president of Ajusted Equity Solutions/CRSLI. Her role within the organization is to charter leadership, organizational objectives, sustainable strategy, and advantageous expansion. For the last twenty years, she has worked in human resource management, K–12 education, and process-led project management. Overall, Darlinda’s passion for balance and equity in the service of societal disparities—especially those in disadvantaged groups and professions—was the start of her overarching search for finding and supporting an organization that creates long-term sustainable opportunity for disadvantaged minorities.
Because of her passion for systems and organizational development, after graduating from Purdue University, Darlinda went to work for Hewitt Associates, a global leader in human resources outsourcing and programmatic financial services. This was her segue into the fields of project management, education, interactive broadcast media, and marketing. Though she initially started in business within the healthcare sector, it allowed her to realize how deeply she loved working in the service of others and for an equitable cause. This was the beginning of her journey to earning her master's in educational leadership. As her multiple career paths progressed, Darlinda searched for an opportunity to serve with the US government agency Americorps. There, she completed her educational service through Teach for America. Darlinda continued to serve as a K–12 public education teacher after her initial service to Americorps ended for another ten plus years.
As a classroom teacher, Darlinda saw firsthand all the struggles that Title I schools faced. After becoming a department chair, she began studying full-time to earn her master’s of business administration in human resource management. She continued to seek out opportunities beyond the classroom, where she knew she’d be closer to influencing systematic and district-level change. She continued navigating impactful roles that affected internal shifts, which led to working as a district program manager for a few years and later leading as a director of programs over the span of the next few years in educational organizations across the country. Today, her overall goal is to continue to serve, cultivate, and create world-changing avenues that make far-reaching equitable ideals a reality.
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Jessica Schrody
Marketing Administrative Specialist
Jessica Schrody, born and raised in Los Angeles, California, is a professional with a passion for digital storytelling and online marketing since 2017. Focused on social media, she crafts engaging narratives that captivate audiences and drive business success.
Beyond her digital expertise, Jessica has a solid background in customer service and a talent for high-ticket, high-volume sales. Her commitment to excellence and dynamic range of skills make her a valuable asset who routinely contributes to the company’s growth.
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Katie Pekel, EdD
Co-Director CRSLA
Dr. Katie Pekel, is the Principal in Residence for the University of Minnesota. In this role Dr. Pekel serves as the department’s direct connection between the fields of research and practice in PK-12 education. She leads the Minnesota Principals Academy, co-directs the Urban Leadership Academy, developed the University’s District Leadership Academy with Dr. Kim Gibbons and the Culturally Responsive School Leadership Academy with colleague Dr. Muhammad Khalifa. Dr. Pekel also serves as a graduate coordinator or the Educational Policy and Leadership track within the Department of Organizational Leadership, Policy and Development. She teaches courses for aspiring school principals and doctoral students and coordinates the Executive PhD cohort for educational leaders. Dr. Pekel has also worked with the University’s College Readiness Consortium guiding school principals and leadership teams from over 150 schools across Minnesota on their implementation of Ramp-Up to Readiness™, the University’s school-wide college readiness program for students in grades 6-12. Dr. Pekel has served at all levels of K-12 education first as a high school English teacher, as an elementary principal and most recently as a middle school principal for six years in Austin, MN.
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Maggie Smith-Peterson, PhD
Director of Instructional Design & Learning
Maggie Smith-Peterson is the Director of Instructional Design & Learning for the Culturally Responsive School Leadership Institute and leads projects focused on the creation and expansion of learning experiences, services and tools for developing socially just and racially equitable leaders and school systems. Maggie has served as an elementary classroom teacher, specialist/coach, adjunct professor, district program facilitator, and professional learning designer in a variety of school systems and organizations, including New York City Public Schools, St. Paul Public Schools, Minneapolis Public Schools, the University of Minnesota, and the University of St. Thomas. Maggie holds an M.S. and an M.A. in education, and received her Ph.D. in Curriculum and Instruction from the University of Minnesota. As a scholar, she studies social justice issues in gifted education and advanced academics with a particular focus on the history of scientific racism and its implications for structural reproduction. As a designer, Maggie specializes in visual and multimedia design, UX/LX research and design, and learning technologies.
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Noor Doukmak, PhD
Director of Operations & Community Partnerships
Noor Doukmak is the Director of Operations & Community Partnerships at the Culturally Responsive School Leadership Institute. She channels her passion for educational equity and excellence into creating research-based content for practitioners, collaborating with school and district leaders to support their equity initiatives, and facilitating smooth operations across CRSLI’s projects.
Noor leverages her diverse background as a high school math educator, university instructor, editorial assistant, and education researcher. She earned her PhD in Education Policy, Organization and Leadership from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, where her research focused on community-organized education.
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Course 1: Historical & Community-Based Epistemology
The first course in ATA SY25 series delves into historical continuities and community-based perspectives that are often invisibilized in our systems, practices, and ways of working in educational contexts. Through this course, leadership teams establish foundational knowledge and skills to visibilize historical discourses and cultural blindspots operating in our schools today.
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Sessions:
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Session 1 - Colonial Discourses: Analyze the historical continuities of deficitizing beliefs about minoritized students and families by examining colonial discourses.
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Session 2 - Historicizing Community Context: Historicize the conditions and events that have impacted your school system's minoritized communities over time.
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Session 3 - Understanding Epistemology: Define epistemology and visibilize its variances within both dominant and minoritized communities and cultures.
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Session 4 - Community-based vs. School-centric Epistemology: Differentiate between school-centric and community-based epistemologies.
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Course 2: Leadership for Critical Reflection
Critical reflection is a cornerstone of culturally responsive school leadership. Yet too often, critical reflection fails to transcend the personal level and lead to effective, ethical action. In this course, leadership teams will not only learn to develop and lead personal critical self-reflection practices, but also to expand leadership of critical reflection to the systems-level by incorporating community, interrogating structures, and institutionalizing practices.
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Sessions:
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Session 1 - Developing a Personal Critical Reflection Practice: Recognize and self-assess the essential leadership skills for personal critical self-reflection.
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Session 2 - Leading Dynamic Critical Reflection: Engage critical reflection beyond the personal level by examining the structures, practices, experiences, and content used in school(s).
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Session 3 - Leading Community-Centered Critical Reflection: Implement a plan to include the perspectives of minoritized students, families, and communities in leadership of critical reflection.
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Session 4 - Institutionalizing Critical Reflection: Develop a roadmap for embedding critical reflection dynamically across your system, among multiple stakeholders, and over time.
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Course 3: Leading Inclusive Schools
Many of the seemingly intractable racial disparities in discipline and academics that we see nationwide are a result of exclusionary practices that marginalize minoritized students' ways of knowing and being. In this course, you will learn to recognize and challenge the exclusionary school practices that tend to be directed at minoritized students. You'll interrogate restorative disciplinary models and develop a culturally responsive approach to student behavior. And you'll learn how to mentor teachers and model inclusionary practices to foster an environment where all students feel seen, safe, and excited to learn.
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Sessions:
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Session 1 - Inclusionary vs. Exclusionary Practices: Identify and differentiate between exclusionary and inclusionary practices.
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Session 2 - Challenging Exclusionary Practices: Use mentoring and modeling to transition educators out of exclusionary practices and into inclusionary responses to student behaviors.
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Session 3 - Restorative Discipline: Critique common disciplinary frameworks by identifying the ways in which they fail to disrupt exclusionary practices.
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Session 4 - Community-Based Behavior Modification: Synthesize understandings of inclusionary practices by developing a framework for community-based behavior modification.
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Course 4: Humanizing Student Identity
In order for our schools to be truly welcoming and supportive of minoritized children and youth, we must create intentional spaces in which they can show up as their authentic, cultural selves. This requires that culturally responsive school leaders develop deep understandings of and respect for local minoritized community cultures. In this final course of the SY25 ATA series, leaders will not only learn how to humanize minoritized students’ cultural ways of knowing and being, but also to create systems and structures that transform teaching, learning and community engagement.
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Sessions:
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Session 1 - Visibilizing Dehumanization: Understand community-based identities and visibilize practices that dehumanize them.
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Session 2 - Developing Social Capital Networks: Establish social capital networks that leverage school resources and staff to empower parents and cultivate relationships.
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Session 3 - Centering Students' Cultural Capital: Create a plan to allow teachers and other school staff to identify and use minoritized students' cultural capital.
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Session 4 - Leading Humanizing Schools: Systematize approaches to harnessing cultural and social capital to resolve equity issues in schools.
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Enroll in After the Academy
Please complete the following form. After submitting a member of our team will reach out to you with next steps within 1-3 business days.